Saturday, January 10, 2026

Vitamin B12 & Folate: Essential Nutrients for Your Health

Happy New Year and let’s start the year with an exploration of 2 vitamins - Vitamin B12 and folate. Both these vitamins are foundational nutrients that support energy production, brain function, red blood cell formation, and heart health. They work together in key metabolic pathways that regulate DNA synthesis and help keep homocysteine, which is a marker linked to cardiovascular and cognitive risk, within a healthy range. When either nutrient is low, the effects can ripple throughout the body.

Let’s look at vitamin B12 first. B12 is essential for maintaining healthy nerves and protecting the myelin sheath that allows efficient nerve signaling. It also supports proper red blood cell formation and cognitive function.

Folate, the natural form of vitamin B9, plays a critical role in cell division, DNA repair, and early neurological development. Together, these nutrients support healthy aging, cardiovascular function, and mental clarity.

Sounds good so far. However, the problem is that deficiencies are quite common, especially for vitamin B12. Absorption of B12 depends on adequate stomach acid and what’s called intrinsic factors, which relate to absorption. Both of these elements decline with age. Certain medications, including acid-suppressing drugs and metformin, also interfere with absorption.

The result is that many people develop B12 deficiency even when their diet appears adequate. Symptoms often develop slowly and may include fatigue, memory problems, numbness or tingling, balance issues, and mood changes. If left untreated, neurological damage can become irreversible.

Folate deficiency is less common due to food fortification but still occurs, particularly in people with poor diets, digestive disorders, or increased needs. Importantly, high intake of folic acid, which is the synthetic form that’s used in fortification, can mask a vitamin B12 deficiency by correcting anemia while allowing nerve damage to progress. This is one reason experts increasingly recommend folate rather than folic acid.

Research continues to highlight the broader health implications of these nutrients. Studies link low B12 and folate levels, along with elevated homocysteine, to increased risk of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and cognitive decline. At the same time, research shows that excessive folic acid in people with low B12 may worsen neurological outcomes, underscoring the importance of using the right forms.

Choosing the Right Supplements

Because absorption is a major issue, especially for B12, the supplement you take really matters. The two most beneficial forms are methylcobalamin (M-B12) and adenosylcobalamin (A-B12). M-B12 supports methylation and homocysteine metabolism, while A-B12 is the active form used inside mitochondria for energy production. 

Using both forms provides broader physiological support than cyanocobalamin, the inexpensive synthetic form commonly found in most supplements.

For folate, methylfolate (also labeled as 5-MTHF) is preferred over folic acid. Methylfolate is the bioactive form that the body can use immediately, whereas folic acid must be converted through multiple enzymatic steps. This is a process that is inefficient for many people. Even worse, unmetabolized folic acid can accumulate in the bloodstream and may interfere with immune and neurological function.

The Bottom Line

Vitamin B12 and folate are far more than basic vitamins to prevent anemia. They are central to brain health, energy, cardiovascular function, and healthy aging. Because deficiencies are common and absorption is often impaired, relying on diet alone may not be enough, especially for older adults and those on certain medications. 

Choosing the right supplement forms, A-B12 and M-B12 for vitamin B12, and folate rather than folic acid, can make a real difference in long-term health and vitality.

So…here are some brands for you to consider:

Pure Encapsulations B12 Folate

Life Extension BioActive Folate & Vitamin B12

SFI Health Active B12-Folate (Lozenge)

 

 


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